Collectedes at 08:22, 21 August 2007

2007-08-21T08:22:13Z

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	~~= H1he third oldest son~~ of ~~Minamoto~~ no ~~Yoshitomo....~~.. =		The Oxford editors
			At the same time the Society had become concerned about the publication of what it was now clear would have to be an immensely large book. Various publishers had been approached over the years, either to produce sample pages or for the possible publication of the whole, but no agreements had been reached. Those approached included both the Cambridge University Press and the OUP.

	~~Minamoto no Yoritomo was the third oldest son~~ of ~~Minamoto no Yoshitomo~~, the ~~heir of~~ the ~~Minamoto~~ (~~Seiwa Genji) clan, and his official wife, Fujiwara no Saneori,~~ who was ~~a member~~ of the ~~illustrious Fujiwara clan~~. ~~Yoritomo was born~~ in ~~Heian (known presently as Kyoto)~~, ~~then the capital~~ of ~~Japan~~. ~~At that time Yoritomo's grandfather Minamoto no Tameyoshi, was the head of the Minamoto~~.		Finally, in 1879, after two years of negotiations involving Sweet and Furnivall as well as Murray, the OUP agreed not only to publish the dictionary but also to pay Murray (who by this time was also president of the Philological Society) a salary as editor. They planned on publishing the work at intervals in fascicles, its final form consisting of four volumes of some 6,400 pages. They hoped to finish it in about ten years.

	~~In 1156, factional divisions in~~ the ~~court erupted into open warfare within~~ the ~~capital itself~~. ~~The cloistered Emperor Toba and~~ his ~~son Emperor Go-Shirakawa sided with~~ the ~~son~~ of ~~Fujiwara regent Fujiwara no Tadazane, Fujiwara no Tadamichi~~ as ~~well as Taira no Kiyomori (~~a ~~member of~~ the ~~Taira clan)~~, ~~while Cloistered Emperor Sutoku sided~~ with ~~Tadazane's younger son~~, ~~Fujiwara no Yorinaga~~. ~~This~~ was ~~known as~~ the ~~Hōgen Rebellion~~, ~~or the 'Hogen Disturbance'~~.~~sunkattyo~~		It was Murray who really got the project off the ground and was able to tackle its true scale. Because he had many children[http://www.vhvy.com 论坛群发软件], he chose not to use his house in the London suburb of Mill Hill as a workplace; a corrugated iron outbuilding, which he called the "Scriptorium", lined with wooden planks, was erected for him and his assistants. It was provided with 1,029 pigeon-holes for filing the slips of paper, and many bookshelves.

	~~Unfortunately~~ the ~~Seiwa Genji were split~~. ~~The head of the clan~~, ~~Tameyoshi~~, ~~sided with Cloistered Emperor Sutoku while his son, Yoshitomo, sided with Cloistered Emperor Toba~~ and ~~Emperor Go-Shirakawa,~~ as well as ~~Kiyomori. In the end~~, ~~the supporters of Emperor Go~~-~~Shirakawa won the civil war~~, ~~thus ensuring victory~~ for ~~Yoshitomo~~ and ~~Kiyomori. Cloistered Emperor Sutoku was placed under house arrest~~, ~~and Yorinaga was fatally wounded~~ in ~~battle~~. ~~Even Tameyoshi was executed as well~~, ~~even after numerous pleas from Yoshitomo. Nonetheless~~, ~~Emperor Go-Shirakawa~~ and ~~Kiyomori~~ were ~~ruthless~~, ~~and Yoshitomo found himself as the head~~ of ~~the Minamoto, while Yoritomo became the heir~~.		Murray now tracked down and regathered[http://www.vhvf.com/index1.htm 论坛群发软件] the slips collected by[http://www.vhvy.com 信息群发软件] Furnivall, but he found them inadequate because readers had focused on rare and interesting [http://www.wodiyi.net/software.files/baiweiblog.htm 博客群发软件] words: he had ten times more quotations for abusion than for abuse. He therefore issued a new appeal for readers, which was widely published in newspapers and distributed in bookshops and libraries. This time readers were specifically asked to report "as many quotations as you can for ordinary words" as well as all of those that seemed "rare, obsolete, old-fashioned, new, peculiar or used in a peculiar way." Murray arranged for the American philologist and liberal-arts-college professor, Francis March, to manage the process in North America. Soon 1,000 slips per day were arriving at the Scriptorium, and by 1882 there were 3,500,000 of them.

	~~Since Yoritomo~~ was ~~descended from the imperial family on his father~~'s ~~side and~~ the ~~Fujiwara noble family on his mother's side, he received his~~ first ~~court title and was appointed an administrator. Nonetheless~~, ~~in Kyoto~~, the ~~Taira clan,~~ now ~~under~~ the ~~leadership of Kiyomori~~, and the ~~Minamoto clan~~, ~~under the leadership of Yoshitomo~~, ~~began to factionalize again~~.		It was February 1, 1884, 23 years after Coleridge's sample pages, when the first portion, or fascicle, of the Dictionary was published. The full title had now become A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles; Founded Mainly on the Materials Collected by The Philological Society, and the 352-page volume, covering words from A to Ant, was priced at 12s.6d. The total sales were a disappointing 4,000 copies.

	~~Kiyomori supported the Emperor Nijō, who~~ was the ~~son of Go-Shirakawa~~. ~~Kiyomori had~~ the ~~support of Fujiwara no Nobuyori~~. ~~Meanwhile~~, ~~Yoshitomo supported the now cloistered Emperor Go-Shirakawa and their old ally Fujiwara no Tadamichi and the scholar-courtier Fujiwara no Michinori~~. ~~This~~ was ~~known as the Heiji Rebellion~~, ~~or the 'Heiji Disturbance'~~. ~~Nonetheless~~, the ~~Minamoto were not well prepared~~, and the ~~Taira took control~~ of ~~Kyoto~~.		It was now clear to the OUP that it would take much too long to completeof chinese[http://www.vhvm.com/Update.htm 群发软件]the work if the editorial arrangements were not revised. Accordingly[http://www.vhvf.com/index1.htm 群发软件] they supplied additional funding for assistants, but made two new demands on Murray in return. The first was that he move from Mill Hill to Oxford, which he did in 1885. Again he had a Scriptorium built on his property (to appease a neighbour, this one had to be half-buried in the ground), and the Post Office installed a pillar box directly in front of his house.

	~~In the aftermath~~, ~~harsh terms were imposed on~~ the ~~Minamoto and their allies~~. ~~Fujiwara no Michinari and Fujiwara no Tadamichi were executed, while~~ the ~~palace~~ of ~~Cloistered Emperor Go-Shirakawa was burned down by~~ the ~~Taira~~. ~~Meanwhile, Yoshitomo fled~~ the ~~capital just as~~ the ~~Taira marched in 1160~~, ~~but was betrayed and executed by~~ a ~~retainer~~ in ~~Owari. As for Yoritomo~~, ~~the new head~~ of the ~~Minamoto, he was exiled~~ to ~~Hirugashima~~, ~~an island in Izu province, which at~~ that ~~time was under the rule of the Hōjō clan~~. ~~Kiyomori~~ and the ~~Taira clan were now the undisputed leaders of Japan. Yoritomo was not executed by Kiyomori because of pleas from Kiyomori's stepmother Lady Ikenozunni of chinese[http://www~~.~~vhvf.com 论坛群发软件]. Yoritomo's half brother~~, ~~Minamoto no Noriyori~~, was ~~also exiled~~, ~~while Minamoto no Yoshitsune, another half-brother, was forced to enter~~ a ~~monastery~~. ~~All other siblings were executed~~.
			The house at 78 Banbury Road, Oxford, erstwhile residence of James Murray, editor of the Oxford English Dictionary. Note the pillar box in front of the house.Murray was more resistant to the second requirement: that if he could not meet the desired schedule, then he must hire a second senior editor who would work in parallel, outside his supervision, on words from different parts of the alphabet. He did not want to share the work, and felt that it would eventually go faster as he gained experience. But it did not, and eventually Philip Gell of the OUP forced his hand. Henry Bradley, whom Murray had hired as his assistant in 1884, was promoted and began working independently in 1888, in a room at the British Museum in London. In 1896 Bradley moved to Oxford, working at the university itself.

	~~Yoritomo grew up~~ with ~~a life~~ in ~~exile~~. ~~In 1179~~, ~~he married into~~ the ~~Hōjō clan~~, ~~led by Hōjō-for chinese~~[http://www.~~vhvy~~.com ~~群发软件~~] ~~Tokimasa~~. ~~He married Tokimasa's daughter~~, ~~Hōjō Masako~~. ~~Meanwhile~~, he was ~~notified of events in Kyoto thanks~~ to ~~helpful friends. Soon enough~~, ~~Yoritomo~~'s ~~passive exile~~ was ~~to be over~~.		Gell continued to harass[http://www.vhvy.com 网站推广软件] both editors with the commercial[http://www.vhvf.com/index2.htm 信息群发软件] goal of containing [http://www.vhvm.com 群发软件]costs and speeding production, to the point where the project seemed likely to collapse; but once this was reported in the press, public opinion backed the editors. Gell was then dismissed, and the university reversed his policies on containing costs. If the editors felt that the Dictionary would have to grow larger than had been anticipated, then it would; it was an important enough work that the time and money necessary to finish it properly should be spent.

			But neither Murray nor Bradley lived to see it done. Murray died in 1915, having been responsible [http://www.9fu9.com 博客群发软件] for words starting with A-D, H-K, O-P and T, or nearly half of the finished dictionary; Bradley died in 1923, having done E-G, L-M, S-Sh, St and W-We. By this time two additional editors had also been promoted from assistant positions to work independently, so the work continued without too much trouble. William Craigie, starting in 1901, was responsible for N, Q-R, Si-Sq, U-V and Wo-Wy; whereas the OUP had previously felt that London was too far from Oxford for the editors to work there, after 1925 Craigie's work on the dictionary was done in Chicago, where he had accepted a professorship. The fourth editor was C. T. Onions, who, starting in 1914, covered the remaining ranges, Su-Sz, Wh-Wo and X-Z.

Sunkattyo at 04:19, 21 August 2007

2007-08-21T04:19:27Z

New page

= H1he third oldest son of Minamoto no Yoshitomo...... =

Minamoto no Yoritomo was the third oldest son of Minamoto no Yoshitomo, the heir of the Minamoto (Seiwa Genji) clan, and his official wife, Fujiwara no Saneori, who was a member of the illustrious Fujiwara clan. Yoritomo was born in Heian (known presently as Kyoto), then the capital of Japan. At that time Yoritomo's grandfather Minamoto no Tameyoshi, was the head of the Minamoto.

In 1156, factional divisions in the court erupted into open warfare within the capital itself. The cloistered Emperor Toba and his son Emperor Go-Shirakawa sided with the son of Fujiwara regent Fujiwara no Tadazane, Fujiwara no Tadamichi as well as Taira no Kiyomori (a member of the Taira clan), while Cloistered Emperor Sutoku sided with Tadazane's younger son, Fujiwara no Yorinaga. This was known as the Hōgen Rebellion, or the 'Hogen Disturbance'.sunkattyo

Unfortunately the Seiwa Genji were split. The head of the clan, Tameyoshi, sided with Cloistered Emperor Sutoku while his son, Yoshitomo, sided with Cloistered Emperor Toba and Emperor Go-Shirakawa, as well as Kiyomori. In the end, the supporters of Emperor Go-Shirakawa won the civil war, thus ensuring victory for Yoshitomo and Kiyomori. Cloistered Emperor Sutoku was placed under house arrest, and Yorinaga was fatally wounded in battle. Even Tameyoshi was executed as well, even after numerous pleas from Yoshitomo. Nonetheless, Emperor Go-Shirakawa and Kiyomori were ruthless, and Yoshitomo found himself as the head of the Minamoto, while Yoritomo became the heir.

Since Yoritomo was descended from the imperial family on his father's side and the Fujiwara noble family on his mother's side, he received his first court title and was appointed an administrator. Nonetheless, in Kyoto, the Taira clan, now under the leadership of Kiyomori, and the Minamoto clan, under the leadership of Yoshitomo, began to factionalize again.

Kiyomori supported the Emperor Nijō, who was the son of Go-Shirakawa. Kiyomori had the support of Fujiwara no Nobuyori. Meanwhile, Yoshitomo supported the now cloistered Emperor Go-Shirakawa and their old ally Fujiwara no Tadamichi and the scholar-courtier Fujiwara no Michinori. This was known as the Heiji Rebellion, or the 'Heiji Disturbance'. Nonetheless, the Minamoto were not well prepared, and the Taira took control of Kyoto.

In the aftermath, harsh terms were imposed on the Minamoto and their allies. Fujiwara no Michinari and Fujiwara no Tadamichi were executed, while the palace of Cloistered Emperor Go-Shirakawa was burned down by the Taira. Meanwhile, Yoshitomo fled the capital just as the Taira marched in 1160, but was betrayed and executed by a retainer in Owari. As for Yoritomo, the new head of the Minamoto, he was exiled to Hirugashima, an island in Izu province, which at that time was under the rule of the Hōjō clan. Kiyomori and the Taira clan were now the undisputed leaders of Japan. Yoritomo was not executed by Kiyomori because of pleas from Kiyomori's stepmother Lady Ikenozunni of chinese[http://www.vhvf.com 论坛群发软件]. Yoritomo's half brother, Minamoto no Noriyori, was also exiled, while Minamoto no Yoshitsune, another half-brother, was forced to enter a monastery. All other siblings were executed.

Yoritomo grew up with a life in exile. In 1179, he married into the Hōjō clan, led by Hōjō-for chinese[http://www.vhvy.com 群发软件] Tokimasa. He married Tokimasa's daughter, Hōjō Masako. Meanwhile, he was notified of events in Kyoto thanks to helpful friends. Soon enough, Yoritomo's passive exile was to be over.

Imperfamily - Revision history

Collectedes at 08:22, 21 August 2007

Sunkattyo at 04:19, 21 August 2007